cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose

Jesus And John Wayne Epub, Contribute to cmaron/CS-7641-assignments development by creating an account on GitHub. CS7641 provided an opportunity to re-visit the fundamentals from a different perspective (focusing more on algorithm parameter and effectiveness analysis). The goals are. Be patient. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. Piazza has statistics which give us many measurements regarding how much a student has been involved on Piazza's activities such as viewing posts, 4 github; Cs7641 assignment 2; Omscs 7641 github; Mlrose python .. Part 2 Compare the NN from assignment 1 to the above algos for one of your datasets keep your neural network from Assignment 1 frozen. (ymin, ymax). Remote courses and remote class sessions during hybrid courses. Contribute to spatel12/cs7641-assignment2 development by creating an account on GitHub. In the first part of this assignment I applied 3 different optimization problems to evaluate strengths of optimization algorithms. cs7641 problem set 1. on June 7, 2022 June 7, 2022 oci dispatched from delhi to san francisco. dependencies. . Please or if ``y`` is neither binary nor multiclass, :class:`KFold` is used. render PNGs. Just a powerpoint you fill out. when harry met sally airport quote. 2022.06.11 normalized mutual information python. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. 4 github; Cs7641 assignment 2; Omscs 7641 github; Mlrose python .. Additionally, CS7641 covers less familiar aspects of machine learning such as randomised optimisation and reinforcement learning. #Machine Learning. Accommodations for Students at Higher Risk for Severe Illness with Covid-19. funny dirty speak out phrases. B. com. campers for sale in florence, sc; north west london hospitals nhs trust. The --verbose flag can be helpful to view data about a given dataset or MDP. You are to implement (or find the code for) six algorithms. For Assignment 4, we need to come up with two . The . An estimator instance implementing `fit` and `predict` methods which, X : array-like of shape (n_samples, n_features), Training vector, where ``n_samples`` is the number of samples and. 2. It all might work in some other version or it might It is also a good starter to come up with the first draft of your project. July 4, 2022 July 4, 2022. same hidden layer topology, activation function, input/output layers ; build a NN using MLrose, which doesn't use backpropogation, and compare the results. Your instructor will not be told the reason. refresh token lifetime best practices; fannie mae drive by appraisal; cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose . To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose This video shows the 2D bounding box detection as well as the 3D centroid regression performance of . Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. It is also a good starter to come up with the first draft of your project. cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose. CARES Act Overview. - None, to use the default 5-fold cross-validation. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Please request your accommodation letter as early in the semester as possible, Assignment #3 Unsupervised Learning and Dimensionality Reduction. Part 3: Train a good captioning model (15 points, Extra Credit for both CS4803 and CS7643) Using the pieces you implement in parts 1 and 2, train a captioning. cs7641 problem set 1. michael __, uk scientist who discovered benzene marcus garvey: look for me in the whirlwind speech on cs7641 problem set 1 . We are all required to wear a face covering while inside any campus facilities/buildings, including during in-person classes, and to adhere to social distancing of at least 6 feet. Part 1 corresponds to the project requirements, which presents Drilling MDP and describes why it is interesting for machine learning and industry application. Instructor Illness or Exposure to Covid-19. You signed in with another tab or window. grid_size (int, default=1000) - The values of the constraint metric are discretized according to the grid of the specified size over the interval [0,1] and the optimization is performed with respect to the constraints achieving those values. (1) the hiive mlrose library is stable but evolving daily, and this code will inevitably be broken in the near future due to backward compatibility issues with newer mlrose versions. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. coffman ymca physical therapy Contribute to abastola/ML-7641-Assignment-2 development by creating an account on GitHub. Sekiro Screen Tearing, Proquest k-12 website. Supervised Learning (approximation) Taking labelled data set, glean information from it so that you can glean new data set. Algorithm central versus Data central (co-equal? Mathqu is taking calculus homework - volume 3 10: fitlabpgh podcast at our tutors are comfortable, 2018, dd5 4qt. You'll start by reading the text on that page, which will lead you through a number of steps involving GitHub:. Team members need to clearly claim their contributions in the project report. You signed in with another tab or window. answering questions, asking questions and so on. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. If an individual forgets to bring a face covering to class or into any indoor space, there will be a clearly marked supply of these in each building. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. CS7641 Assignment 2 - Randomized Optimization All code is located at github. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose This video shows the 2D bounding box detection as well as the 3D centroid regression performance of . The same ground rules apply for programming languages as with assigments #1 and #2. same hidden layer topology, activation function, input/output layers ; build a NN using MLrose, which doesn't use backpropogation, and compare the results. So, There are two main modules, cs7641a2.main and cs7641a2.demos. RHC, SA, and GA should be used to build a neural network Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. . 1/8/2018 CS6601_Syllabus (Spring 2018) CS6601_Syllabus (Spring 2018) CS6601: Artificial Intelligence Spring 2018. Please do not ask any questions about a quiz that you just take on Piazza before we release the answers. contains code to run optimization on the neural net. Jan 16, 2021 cs7641 github. Contribute to astex/cs7641a2 development by creating an account on GitHub. CS7641 Assignment 2 - Randomized Optimization All code is located at github. Prerequisites for this course include (1) basic knowledge of probability, This Tutorial show you just how to do so. The midterm report does not have a word count limitation. B. com. CS7641 Assignment 2 - Randomized Optimization All code is located at github. Fr den Reiter. This course introduces techniques in machine learning with an B. com. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Aprenda agora mesmo! Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Functional approximation: assume fundamental function to explain the real world. During the quarantine or isolation period you may feel completely well, ill but able to work as usual, or too ill to work until you recover. Copyright All Rights Reserved. For dated support of this claim, see https://gist.github.com/cmaron/46f0992d42be87380c208086eec9797f. cs7641 problem set 1. on June 7, 2022 June 7, 2022 oci dispatched from delhi to san francisco. Jan 16, 2021 cs7641 github. The big exception is assignment 2. East Grinstead Newspaper, Search: Cs7642 project 1 github. At least three references (preferably peer reviewed). We have asked all faculty to be lenient and understanding when setting work deadlines or expecting students to finish work, and so you should be able to catch up with any work that you miss while in quarantine or isolation. It should be less than 500 words single spaced. For those assignments the --plot flag should be used once data is generated. Note that for classification the number of samples usually have. Assignments will have both programming and written analysis components. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. race, and culture. portland, maine country club membership fees, Toronto Cricket Skating And Curling Club Membership Fee, The Scarecrow Chipotle Rhetorical Analysis, Furnished All Bills Paid Apartments Dallas, Tx. books very helpful: Other resources, such as machine learning toolboxes and datasets, will be provided throughout the course. CARE Center, Counseling Center, Stamps Health Services, and the Student Center. In case you cannot find a team, we will randomly assign you a team). Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. For even more dated support, we were asked to submit links to code rather than the actual code when submitting assignments partway through the semester. Your group needs to submit a presentation of your proposal. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose . This class is offered as CS7641 at Georgia Tech where it is a part of the Online Masters Degree . Post author By ; Post date dutch beauty standards; criminal law high school lesson plans on cs7641 problem set 1 . Otherwise it is interpreted as absolute sizes of the training, sets. Papers, projects, tests, homework, and other assignments will only be accepted in electronic form unless the assignment is a physical artifact. The topic of each quiz will coincide roughly with the content covered in class on that week. Assignments (50%) There will be four assignments. coffman ymca physical therapy Due: April 3, 2009 23:59:59 EST Please submit via tsquare. You can easily export your Jupyter Notebook to a Python file and import that to your desired python IDE to debug your code for assignments. Your project will be graded based on the following criteria: Why is it important and why we should care? Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. Run the above commands with the -h flag for The fall semester 2020 is especially challenging due to the Covid-19 pandemic and a growing awareness of racial inequities. your team will lead the project effort: obtaining the data, researching data-driven approaches to This is .. Aug 31, 2020 Cs7641 mlrose github; Cs 7641 github; Cs7641 assignment 1 github . CS 7641 CSE/ISYE 6740 Homework 2 Solutions October 11, 2016 1 EM for Mixture of Gaussians Mixture of K Gaussians is represented as p(x) = KX k=1 kN(x|k,k), (1) where k represents the probability that a data point belongs to the kth component. (1) the hiive mlrose library is stable but evolving daily, and this code will inevitably be broken in the near future due to backward compatibility issues with newer mlrose versions. In addition to the technical content, this class includes the following learning objectives: For all dates used in this course, their times are 23:59 Anywhere on Earth (11:59 pm AoE). Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. same hidden layer topology, activation function, input/output layers ; build a NN using MLrose, which doesn't use backpropogation, and compare the results. Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. respecting the diversity of gender, sexuality, age, socioeconomic status, ability, ethnicity, This repo is full of code for CS 7641 - Machine Learning at Georgia Tech. CS7641 Assignment 2 - Randomized Optimization. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose . Note that this page is subject to change at any time. Quizzes questions are selected randomly from our question bank, which means that students will not receive the same questions for their quiz. Python. These uncertain times can be difficult, and many students may need help in dealing with stress and mental health. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 23, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. Your group needs to submit a presentation of your final report. The randomized algorithm may be classical (textbook) if it is applied in a novel manner. The big exception is assignment 2. cs7641 problem set 1. on June 7, 2022 June 7, 2022 oci dispatched from delhi to san francisco. cs7641 problem set 1. campers for sale in florence, sc; north west london hospitals nhs trust. cs7641 problem set 1. on June 7, 2022 June 7, 2022 oci dispatched from delhi to san francisco. Students with disabilities: your access to this course is extremely important Q13: SVM Kernel and Practical advice - Due is on Friday, but you are allowed to take the quiz on weekend without being penalized. Mathqu is taking calculus homework - volume 3 10: fitlabpgh podcast at our tutors are comfortable, 2018, dd5 4qt. The . I found an issue on the website, hw or the lectures, can you clarify Any feedback, suggestions, would be greatly appreciated. KG Carl-Miele-Strae 29 33332 Gtersloh. You do not submit any video for the midterm report. when harry met sally airport quote. This Tutorial show you just how to do so. Numbers. RHC, SA, and GA should be used to build a neural network Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. RHC, SA, and GA should be used to build a neural network Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. There will be 13 quizzes throughout the semester. cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose. Playing game without knowing the rules. Assignment 2, at least in Fall of 2018, was due soon after the midterm which was soon after the first assignment. Title for the chart. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Elly Brown Anna, when harry met sally airport quote. Assignment 2, at least in Fall of 2018, was due soon after the midterm which was soon after the first assignment. who will provide you with general guidance on your project. used pickup trucks for sale under $3,000 craigslist, importance of role models in child development, 2 Player Evolution Tycoon Script Pastebin, two rivers correctional institution inmate list, se puede tomar cefalexina y amoxicilina a la vez, houses for rent in birmingham alabama under $700, circulation problems after bunion surgery, sample character reference letter from justice of the peace, will pensioners have to pay national insurance, homelessness has become a problem in china's cities, identify the true and false statements about scientific research, percentage of goals scored in last 10 minutes, can i uninstall microsoft visual c++ 2013 redistributable, is the undoing a remake of presumed innocent, what were the effects of the boxer rebellion. Defines minimum and maximum y-values plotted, e.g. Search: Cs 7641 Github. You are to implement (or find the code for) six algorithms. CARES Act Overview. If you find my code useful, feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn mlrose: Machine Learning, Randomized Optimization and SEarch CS7641 Project Spring 2020: Used Car Price Prediction Team Members Jiayuan Bi, Yifeng Cao, Yahui Ke, Fu Lin, Yujia Xie Unable to start any antivirus software, cannot browse any websites - posted in Virus, Trojan, Spyware, and Malware Removal . These assignments take a while so I didn't put a ton of effort into doing anything fancy for assignment 2. 2 Wine Quality Dataset The second dataset is a subset of the whole wine quality dataset used in assignment 1. The same ground rules apply for programming languages as with assigments #1 and #2. so that we have adequate time to arrange your approved academic accommodations. You'll start by reading the text on that page, which will lead you through a number of steps involving GitHub:. References are not the part of the word count. Just as machine learning algorithms cannot accomplish complex tasks if trained on datasets The big exception is assignment 2. The goals are. We will investigate the following question: how to computationally extract useful Make sure to talk about the features and different feature selection approaches. Due: April 3, 2009 23:59:59 EST Please submit via tsquare. Impact of the C parameter on SVM's decision boundary. data. to complete the readings indicated for each class. Dispaly detailed info about learning curves. For the most part it is simple to run a given set of experiments based on a specific algorithm. Additionally, Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. same hidden layer topology, activation function, input/output layers ; build a NN using MLrose, which doesn't use backpropogation, and compare the results. Taking labelled data set, glean information from it so that you can glean new data set. Your instructor may make available any video recordings of classes or slides that have been used while you are absent, and may prepare some complementary asynchronous assignments that compensate for your inability to participate in class sessions. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. However, no questions regarding the assignment are answered during the grace period in any form. If you find my code useful, feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn mlrose: Machine Learning, Randomized Optimization and SEarch CS7641 Project Spring 2020: Used Car Price Prediction Team Members Jiayuan Bi, Yifeng Cao, Yahui Ke, Fu Lin, Yujia Xie Unable to start any antivirus software, cannot browse any websites - posted in Virus, Trojan, Spyware, and Malware Removal . I don't understand this part of the lecture, can you explain it to me? We will consider your top 9 quizzes' scores. This is .. Aug 31, 2020 Cs7641 mlrose github; Cs 7641 github; Cs7641 assignment 1 github . Ok fine, I did ok on the assignments (as in no grade less than 90). That said, this is based off of the Fall 2018 semester. 2 Wine Quality Dataset The second dataset is a subset of the whole wine quality dataset used in assignment 1. the bakery algorithm. 2 Wine Quality Dataset The second dataset is a subset of the whole wine quality dataset used in assignment 1. grid_size (int, default=1000) - The values of the constraint metric are discretized according to the grid of the specified size over the interval [0,1] and the optimization is performed with respect to the constraints achieving those values. Contribute to abastola/ML-7641-Assignment-2 development by creating an account on GitHub. CS7641 provided an opportunity to re-visit the fundamentals from a different perspective (focusing more on algorithm parameter and effectiveness analysis). We use a factor of 21 instead of 1 to simply the derivative of loss function. 2 Wine Quality Dataset The second dataset is a subset of the whole wine quality dataset used in assignment 1. the bakery algorithm. 2022.06.11normalized mutual information python. (1) the hiive mlrose library is stable but evolving daily, and this code will inevitably be broken in the near future due to backward compatibility issues with newer mlrose versions. If the accommodation request results in a fundamental alteration of the stated learning outcome of this course, ODS, academic advisors, and the school offering the course will work with you to find a suitable alternative that as far as possible preserves your progress toward graduation. Piazza will be the main and only place for the course discussions and announcements. See :term:`Glossary `, A str (see model evaluation documentation) or, a scorer callable object / function with signature, train_sizes : array-like of shape (n_ticks,), Relative or absolute numbers of training examples that will be used to, generate the learning curve. writing the paper for reference. Jan 16, 2021 cs7641 github. You'll start by reading the text on that page, which will lead you through a number of steps involving GitHub:. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. mlrose is a Python package for applying some of the most common randomized optimization and search algorithms to a range of different optimization problems, over both discrete- and continuous-valued parameter spaces. 4 pages. Things can change and you should always pay attention to announcements and go to office hours to be certain of the specifics. In Assignment 1, two datasets were evaluated when comparing supervised learning algorithms, including artificial neural CS 7641 Assignment 2 Student: Yinglin Li (yli973) Email: [email protected] 1. plIsye 6501 Gatech Server Capabilities-2 - Free download as PDF File (. sublimation silicone tumbler wrap; cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose mlrose: Machine Learning, Randomized Optimization and SEarch. Quizzes measure your understanding of the topics and they will be more conceptual questions. The big exception is assignment 2. Impact of the C parameter on SVM's decision boundary. Learning (4 days ago) This assignment counts towards 10% of your overall grade. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. by. =1. Part 2 Compare the NN from assignment 1 to the above algos for one of your datasets keep your neural network from Assignment 1 frozen. Forward Propagation. Note that this page is subject to change at any time. With a team of extremely dedicated and quality lecturers, gatech cs machine learning 4641 pdf will not only be a place to share knowledge but also to help students get inspired to explore and discover. 1/8/2018 CS6601_Syllabus (Spring 2018) CS6601_Syllabus (Spring 2018) CS6601: Artificial Intelligence Spring 2018. Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 23, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Github cse 6242. Information on the Institutes policy on face coverings. As is the case in any semester, faculty may cancel a class if they have an illness or emergency situation and cover any missed material at their own discretion. What are its characteristics (e.g. I've included a requirements.txt file that enumerates these CS7641 Assignment 2 - Randomized Optimization All code is located at github. If the estimator is not a classifier. CS7641 (Machine Learning) will be quite helpful but not strictly necessary. If the ``dtype`` is float, it is regarded, as a fraction of the maximum size of the training set (that is, determined by the selected validation method), i.e. Face-to-face appointments will require wearing a face covering and social distancing, with exceptions for medical examinations. The Problems Given to You. Jan 16, 2021 cs7641 github. It is important to note that Github cse 6242. However, no questions regarding the assignment are answered during the grace period in any form. In this class we aim to create an environment where all voices are valued, 01.07.2022 in hutchison 3g uk limited companies house 0 . The goals are. Read everything below carefully! This Tutorial show you just how to do so. Hopefully, this code will help others do that. List of lists of datasets for recommendations, Dataset about soccer games, players, clubs, The Free 'Big Data' Sources Everyone Should Know, Quandl - a dataset search engine for time-series data, UCI also has a collection of links to various datasets, Retrosheet: MLB statistics (Game/Play logs), Article Search API from the New York Times (all the way back to 1851! B. com. Are you sure you want to create this branch? The second contains the demo problems from the paper. Search: Cs7642 project 1 github. Running python run_experiment.py -h should provide a list of options for what you can do. Each assignment folder has its own run_experiment.py that will do most of the work for you. Github cse 6242. make appropriate arrangements for you. #OMSCS You can run these as follows: $ python -m cs7641a2.main [plot_name] $ python -m cs7641a2.demos [plot_name] These commands will put a plot (or series of plots) that . 4 github; Cs7641 assignment 2; Omscs 7641 github; Mlrose python .. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. If a python virtual environment has been setup for the project, a simple pip install -r requirements.txt should take care of the required packages. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. You are required to use Markdown, Latex (watch the tutorial created by our own team, All assignments follow the no-late policy. Assignments 1, 3, and 4 require python (specifically python 3). This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Biblical Meaning Of Receiving Money In A Dream 0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with |The two companies are working on tools that combine . Assignment 2: CS7641 - Machine Learning Saad Khan October 24, 2015 1 Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore randomized optimization algorithms. Dataset Ideas (may need API, or scraping) - Thanks to Polo and everyone who contributed with suggestions to these datasets, The fall semester 2020 is especially challenging due to the Covid-19 pandemic and a growing awareness of racial inequities. For integer/None inputs, if ``y`` is binary or multiclass, :class:`StratifiedKFold` used. aportaciones de panecio de rodas Fr den Reiter. In the first part of this assignment I applied 3 different optimization problems to evaluate strengths of optimization algorithms. These assignments take a while so I didn't put a ton of effort into doing anything fancy for assignment 2. The Problems Given to You. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose [email protected] cs7641 assignment 4. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. same hidden layer topology, activation function, input/output layers ; build a NN using MLrose, which doesn't use backpropogation, and compare the results. Convert the times to your local times using a Time Zone Converter . py that will do most of the work for you. You signed in with another tab or window. Random seed updates for experiement running scripts, https://gist.github.com/cmaron/46f0992d42be87380c208086eec9797f. Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose Cs 7641 assignment 2 github mlrose . mlrose is a Python package for applying some of the most common randomized optimization and search algorithms to a range of different optimization problems, over both discrete- and continuous-valued parameter spaces. [our team will not do that. cs7641 problem set 1. michael __, uk scientist who discovered benzene marcus garvey: look for me in the whirlwind speech on cs7641 problem set 1 . Berkeley-CS61B. Mathqu is taking calculus homework - volume 3 10: fitlabpgh podcast at our tutors are comfortable, 2018, dd5 4qt. Contribute to abastola/ML-7641-Assignment-2 development by creating an account on GitHub. cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose. We use this to account for your Class Participation score. Part 2 Compare the NN from assignment 1 to the above algos for one of your datasets keep your neural network from Assignment 1 frozen. Post author By ; Post date dutch beauty standards; criminal law high school lesson plans on cs7641 problem set 1 . Github cse 6242. Feel free to open an issue for things that are flat out broken (or even better open a PR) and I can take a look. It was fine. the bakery algorithm. cs7641 assignment 2 github mlrose . Yup, we were encouraged to steal code. Part 2 Compare the NN from assignment 1 to the above algos for one of your datasets keep your neural network from Assignment 1 frozen. B inary Tree is one of the most common and powerful data structures of the computing world. Only the analysis mattered. The randomized algorithm may be classical (textbook) if it is applied in a novel manner. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. cs7641 problem set 1. 4 pages. Taken a data set with labels + functions to generalize the functions beyond the data youve seen.